add quick example

master
kevin 4 years ago
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# 使用go-zero从0到1快速构建高并发的短链服务
## 0. 什么是短链服务?
短链服务就是将长的URL网址通过程序计算等方式转换为简短的网址字符串。
写此短链服务是为了从整体上演示go-zero构建完整微服务的过程算法和实现细节尽可能简化了所以这不是一个高阶的短链服务。
## 1. 短链微服务架构图
![架构图](images/shorturl-arch.png)
## 2. 创建工作目录并初始化go.mod
* 创建工作目录`shorturl`
* 在`shorturl`目录下执行`go mod init shorturl`初始化`go.mod`
## 3. 编写API Gateway代码
* 通过goctl生成`shorturl.api`并编辑,为了简洁,去除了文件开头的`info`,代码如下:
```go
type (
shortenReq struct {
url string `form:"url"`
}
shortenResp struct {
shortUrl string `json:"shortUrl"`
}
)
type (
expandReq struct {
key string `form:"key"`
}
expandResp struct {
url string `json:"url"`
}
)
service shorturl-api {
@server(
handler: ShortenHandler
)
get /shorten(shortenReq) returns(shortenResp)
@server(
handler: ExpandHandler
)
get /expand(expandReq) returns(expandResp)
}
```
type用法和go一致service用来定义get/post/head/delete等api请求解释如下
* `service shorturl-api {`这一行定义了service名字
* `@server`部分用来定义server端用到的属性
* `handler`定义了服务端handler名字
* `get /shorten(shortenReq) returns(shortenResp)`定义了get方法的路由、请求参数、返回参数等
* 使用goctl生成API Gateway代码
```shell
goctl api go -api shorturl.api -dir api
```
生成的文件结构如下:
```
.
├── api
│   ├── etc
│   │   └── shorturl-api.yaml // 配置文件
│   ├── internal
│   │   ├── config
│   │   │   └── config.go // 定义配置
│   │   ├── handler
│   │   │   ├── expandhandler.go // 实现expandHandler
│   │   │   ├── routes.go // 定义路由处理
│   │   │   └── shortenhandler.go // 实现shortenHandler
│   │   ├── logic
│   │   │   ├── expandlogic.go // 实现ExpandLogic
│   │   │   └── shortenlogic.go // 实现ShortenLogic
│   │   ├── svc
│   │   │   └── servicecontext.go // 定义ServiceContext
│   │   └── types
│   │   └── types.go // 定义请求、返回结构体
│   └── shorturl.go // main入口定义
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
└── shorturl.api
```
* 启动API Gateway服务默认侦听在8888端口
```shell
go run api/shorturl.go -f api/etc/shorturl-api.yaml
```
* 测试API Gateway服务
```shell
curl -i "http://localhost:8888/shorten?url=a"
```
返回如下:
```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2020 14:31:39 GMT
Content-Length: 15
{"shortUrl":""}
```
* 可以修改`internal/svc/servicecontext.go`来传递服务依赖(如果需要)
* 实现逻辑可以修改`internal/logic`下的对应文件
## 4. 编写shorten/expand rpc服务未完
## 5. 定义数据库表结构
* shorturl下创建rpc/model目录`mkdir -p rpc/model`
* 在roc/model目录下编写创建shorturl表的sql文件`shorturl.sql`,如下:
```sql
CREATE TABLE `shorturl`
(
`id` bigint(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`key` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT 'shorten key',
`url` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT 'original url',
PRIMARY KEY(`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `key_index`(`key`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
```
## 6. 自动生成CRUD+cache代码
* 在`rpc/model`目录下执行如下命令生成CRUD+cache代码`-c`表示使用`redis cache`
```shell
goctl model mysql ddl -c -src shorturl.sql -dir .
```
生成后的文件结构如下:
```
.
├── api
│   ├── etc
│   │   └── shorturl-api.yaml
│   ├── internal
│   │   ├── config
│   │   │   └── config.go
│   │   ├── handler
│   │   │   ├── expandhandler.go
│   │   │   ├── routes.go
│   │   │   └── shortenhandler.go
│   │   ├── logic
│   │   │   ├── expandlogic.go
│   │   │   └── shortenlogic.go
│   │   ├── svc
│   │   │   └── servicecontext.go
│   │   └── types
│   │   └── types.go
│   └── shorturl.go
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── rpc
│   └── model
│   ├── shorturl.sql
│   ├── shorturlmodel.go // CRUD+cache代码
│   └── vars.go // 定义常量和变量
├── shorturl.api
└── shorturl.sql
```
## 未完待续

@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ go get -u github.com/tal-tech/go-zero
## 8. 文档 (逐步完善中) ## 8. 文档 (逐步完善中)
* [从0到1快速构建一个高并发的微服务系统](doc/shorturl.md)
* [goctl使用帮助](doc/goctl.md) * [goctl使用帮助](doc/goctl.md)
* [关键字替换和敏感词过滤工具](doc/keywords.md) * [关键字替换和敏感词过滤工具](doc/keywords.md)

@ -194,11 +194,11 @@ var (
Subcommands: []cli.Command{ Subcommands: []cli.Command{
{ {
Name: "mysql", Name: "mysql",
Usage: `generate mysql model"`, Usage: `generate mysql model`,
Subcommands: []cli.Command{ Subcommands: []cli.Command{
{ {
Name: "ddl", Name: "ddl",
Usage: `generate mysql model from ddl"`, Usage: `generate mysql model from ddl`,
Flags: []cli.Flag{ Flags: []cli.Flag{
cli.StringFlag{ cli.StringFlag{
Name: "src, s", Name: "src, s",
@ -221,15 +221,15 @@ var (
}, },
{ {
Name: "datasource", Name: "datasource",
Usage: `generate model from datasource"`, Usage: `generate model from datasource`,
Flags: []cli.Flag{ Flags: []cli.Flag{
cli.StringFlag{ cli.StringFlag{
Name: "url", Name: "url",
Usage: `the data source of database,like "root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/database"`, Usage: `the data source of database,like "root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/database`,
}, },
cli.StringFlag{ cli.StringFlag{
Name: "table, t", Name: "table, t",
Usage: `source table,tables separated by commas,like "user,course"`, Usage: `source table,tables separated by commas,like "user,course`,
}, },
cli.BoolFlag{ cli.BoolFlag{
Name: "cache, c", Name: "cache, c",

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
# generate model with cache from ddl # generate model with cache from ddl
goctl model mysql ddl -src="./sql/user.sql" -dir="./sql/model" -c=true goctl model mysql ddl -src="./sql/user.sql" -dir="./sql/model" -c
# generate model with cache from data source # generate model with cache from data source
goctl model mysql datasource -url="user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/database" -table="table1,table2" -dir="./model" goctl model mysql datasource -url="user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/database" -table="table1,table2" -dir="./model"

@ -2,6 +2,4 @@ package gen
import "errors" import "errors"
var ( var ErrCircleQuery = errors.New("circle query with other fields")
ErrCircleQuery = errors.New("circle query with other fields")
)

@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func (g *defaultGenerator) Start(withCache bool) error {
} }
} }
// generate error file // generate error file
filename := filepath.Join(dirAbs, "error.go") filename := filepath.Join(dirAbs, "vars.go")
if !util.FileExists(filename) { if !util.FileExists(filename) {
err = ioutil.WriteFile(filename, []byte(template.Error), os.ModePerm) err = ioutil.WriteFile(filename, []byte(template.Error), os.ModePerm)
if err != nil { if err != nil {

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ func (m *{{.upperStartCamelObject}}Model) Delete({{.lowerStartCamelPrimaryKey}}
if err!=nil{ if err!=nil{
return err return err
}{{end}} }{{end}}
{{.keys}} {{.keys}}
_, err {{if .containsIndexCache}}={{else}}:={{end}} m.Exec(func(conn sqlx.SqlConn) (result sql.Result, err error) { _, err {{if .containsIndexCache}}={{else}}:={{end}} m.Exec(func(conn sqlx.SqlConn) (result sql.Result, err error) {
query := ` + "`" + `delete from ` + "` +" + ` m.table + ` + " `" + ` where {{.originalPrimaryKey}} = ?` + "`" + ` query := ` + "`" + `delete from ` + "` +" + ` m.table + ` + " `" + ` where {{.originalPrimaryKey}} = ?` + "`" + `

@ -4,8 +4,5 @@ var Error = `package model
import "github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/core/stores/sqlx" import "github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/core/stores/sqlx"
var ( var ErrNotFound = sqlx.ErrNotFound
ErrNotFound = sqlx.ErrNotFound
)
` `

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